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e m P t Y

Tried to write a letter; In ink
I've got a peice of paper; But it's Empty

{/lalalala. --

Tuesday, January 08, 2008 ( 1:10 PM )

another new batch of newcomers.
the sight of all the medicines are such a major turn off!

flexible endoscope.
the endoscope transmits an image of the inside of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, so the physician can carefully examine the lining of these organs. the scope also blows air into the stomach; this expands the folds of tissue and makes it easier for the physician to examine the stomach.

its kind of scary to know that the equipments & knowledge i learn in school, i will actually be able to experience it & apply it SO SOON. :/
i wonder what will happen if they gave the wrong amt of pain medicine or sedative. :/

helicobacter pylori - human gastric bacteria

a gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium with four to six sheathed flagella attached to one pole.
the flagella give H. pylori bacterium the ability to swim and, because of its spiral shape, it can burrow through the mucosal layer of the stomach.
the bacteria reside below the stomach's mucosal layer, and the flagella attach themselves to the underlying gastric epithelium.
the H. pylori bacterium can survive and multiply in the interface between the epithelial cells and the stomach's mucosal layer because it is protected from gastric acid.
this organism produces the enzyme urease, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide.
the end product of this hydrolysis forms an alkaline halo around the organism to protect it from gastric acid.
the H. pylori bacterium usually resides in the antrum and fundus of the stomach; however, it also can be found in the duodenum if cells have undergone metaplasia and become gastric cells.
the mechanisms by which H. pylori bacteria cause infection still are unknown, but the human body clearly reacts to the bacteria because white blood cells move into affected areas and protein antibodies develop.
this immune system response, rather than the bacteria, is believed to cause much of the damage that manifests as gastritis and peptic ulcers.
some of the damage to the stomach's protective mucosal layer and the underlying gastric cells, however, is caused by the ammonia halo the bacteria create.